Agricultural waste poses significant environmental and economic challenges globally. Traditional disposal methods, such as landfilling or incineration, contribute to environmental degradation and resource wastage. Utilizing black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) to convert agricultural waste into animal feed offers a sustainable and efficient solution. This bioconversion process generates frass, a valuable by-product consisting of larval secretions, exoskeleton remnants, and undigested organic residues. Our study evaluates the potential of frass to enhance soil health, plant growth, crop yields, and manage pest and disease incidence, thereby transforming it into a multifunctional agricultural resource with additional economic and ecological benefits.
Frass samples underwent thermal stabilization treatments to preserve their quality and ensure consistency. We characterized their chemical properties comprehensively, identifying nutrients beneficial for plant growth and compounds with pest deterrent qualities. Using tomatoes and cucumbers as model crops, laboratory and field experiments assessed the impact of frass on growth, yield, and resilience against common pests and pathogens. Results consistently demonstrated improved plant vigor, increased yields, and effective pest and disease management. Based on our findings, we recommend classifying frass products according to their specific chemical and biological properties to facilitate standardized commercial application in sustainable agricultural systems.
Keywords: Agricultural waste, Hermetia illucens, Frass, Crop protection, Plant growth improvement
