The reuse of household greywater is increasing globally. Wastewater and greywater treatment processes are not fully effective in removing all contaminants, such as emerging micropollutants, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes. The dynamics between emerging micropollutants and antibiotic resistance genes in greywater treatment systems are complex. Thus, we aimed to analyze the spread and the fate of emerging micropollutants, antibiotic-resistance genes, and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in microbial communities of greywater and downstream recipients. We showed that the effect of irrigation with treated wastewater was variable. In addition, we tried to summarize the impact of emerging micropollutants on bacteria and their fate in the soil microbiome, demonstrating that emerging micropollutants induce changes in the diversity of soil bacteria. The fate and transport of emerging micropollutants, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes can vary with soil properties. It is, therefore, necessary to better understand how widely antibiotic-resistance genes are disseminated.
